• IiPumpu zokufunxa ezitywinwe nge-oyile zibonelela ngokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo nangokuthembekileyo kwiindawo zoshishino.
• Iingcali ezininzi zifumanisa ukuba iImpompo yoVacuum etywinwe ngeoyilekunciphisa iindleko zokusebenza kunye neemfuno zokulondoloza.
• Ezi mpompo zibonelela ngolondolozo lwexesha elide kunye nokusebenza okuthembekileyo kumashishini afuna izisombululo eziqinisekisiweyo.
Iimpompo zeVacuum ezitywinwe ngeoyile kunye nokusebenza kakuhle
Ukusebenza okuphezulu okuhambelanayo
Iipumpu ze-Oil-Sealed Vacuum zibonelela ngeziphumo ezithembekileyo kwiindawo zoshishino. Abaqhubi bajonga amanqanaba evacuum azinzileyo kunye nokuguquguquka okuncinci ngexesha lemveliso. Le theyibhile ilandelayo ibalaselisa iimetrics eziphambili ezibonisa ukusebenza okuphezulu okungaguqukiyo:
| Metric | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Ukusebenza kakuhle | Ukufezekisa uxinzelelo olufunekayo ngokusetyenziswa kwamandla amancinci kunye nokunxiba. |
| Iindlela Zokugcina Isondlo | Utshintsho lweoyile rhoqo kunye novavanyo lokuvuza ukugcina amanqanaba e-vacuum kunye nokukhusela amacandelo. |
| Uyilo lweNkqubo | Ukuphucula amandla epompo kunye nemveliso yokuvelisa ukunciphisa iindleko zokusebenza. |
| Ulawulo lwesihluzi | Utshintsho olucwangcisiweyo lothuli kunye nezihluzo zomoya ukunqanda uthintelo lokuhamba komoya kunye nokutsalwa kwamandla. |
Ukugcinwa kwesiqhelo kunye nolawulo olululo lokucoca kunceda ukugcina ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokwandisa ubomi bempompo.
UkuSebenza koMbane kwiiNdawo eziBangayo
Izicwangciso zemizi-mveliso zihlala zifuna iimpompo ukuba zisebenze phantsi kweemeko ezinzima. Iipumpu ze-Oil-Sealed Vacuum zibonelela ngenkonzo ethembekileyo, kodwa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kuhlala kuyinkxalabo.
Iimpompo ze-vacuum ezomileyo zibonelela ngokubanzi amandla aphezulu ngenxa yeeprofayili ze-rotor eziphambili kunye nokunciphisa iimfuno zokugcinwa.
Iimpompo ezitywinwe ngeoyile zifuna ukulungiswa rhoqo kwaye zinokujongana neengozi zosulelo, ezinokuchaphazela ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla.
Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kwiinkqubo zoshishino kunokuncitshiswa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-99% kunye neepompo ze-vacuum ezomileyo, ngelixa iimpompo ezifakwe i-oyile zisebenza kumanqanaba aphantsi okusebenza.
Ngaphandle kolu mahluko, iiPumpu ze-Oil-Sealed Vacuum zihlala zikhethwa ngokukhethekileyo kwizicelo apho ukuthembeka kunye ne-vacuum engaguqukiyo ibalulekile.
Ukuhlangabezana neeMfuno ezingqongqo zeVacuum
Inkqubela phambili yakutsha nje kuyilo lwempompo iphucule ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuthembeka. Abavelisi ngoku babandakanya i-IoT kunye nolawulo lwedijithali, itekhnoloji yokonga amandla, kunye neenkqubo zokulawula ezihlakaniphile. Le theyibhile ingezantsi ichaza ezinye zezi nguqulelo:
| Uhlobo lokuqhubela phambili | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| IoT kunye noLawulo lweDijithali | Ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokugcinwa kwangaphambili. |
| IiTekhnoloji zokonga amandla | Ukuqhuba kwesantya esiguquguqukayo kunye neemodeli zamandla aphantsi. |
| Itywina kunye nezinto ezintsha ezintsha | Ukutywinwa okuphezulu kunye nezixhobo ezihlala ixesha elide kunye nokuthintela ukuvuza. |
Olu phuhliso luvumela iiPumpu ze-Oil-Sealed vacuum vacuum ukuba zihlangabezane neemfuno ezingqongqo ze-vacuum ngelixa zinciphisa iindleko zokunciphisa ixesha kunye nokugcinwa.
Iipumpu zeVacuum ezitywinwe ngeoyile kunye nokuthembeka
Uyilo olomeleleyo lwe-Oli-Lubricated
Abavelisi bakha iimpompo ze-oyile-lubricated vacuum ezineempawu eziqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwexesha elide.
• Ulwakhiwo olulula kodwa olusebenzayo lunciphisa umngcipheko wokusilela koomatshini.
• Isahluli se-oyile esidityanisiweyo sigcina umbhobho ucocekile kwaye sikhusela amalungu angaphakathi.
• Ivalve yegesi ekhethwayo ye-ballast ivumela impompo ukuba ibambe umthamo ophezulu womphunga ngaphandle komonakalo.
• Ivalve engabuyiyo igcina ingqibelelo yevacuum ngexesha lokusebenza.
• Iimathiriyeli ezikumgangatho ophezulu kunye nobuchule bokuvelisa obuchanekileyo bonyusa ukuqina.
Ezi zinto zoyilo zinceda iiPumpu ze-Oil-Sealed Vacuum zisebenza ngokungaguquguqukiyo kwiimeko ezibango.
Ubomi beNkonzo ende kunye nexesha elincinci lokuPhuma
Abasebenzisi bemizi-mveliso baxabisa izixhobo ezisebenza ixesha elide kunye nokuphazamiseka okuncinci. Iimpompo ze-oyile ezithambisayo ezijikelezayo zihlala zibaleka iiyure eziyi-1,000–2,000 phakathi kotshintsho lweoyile. Le theyibhile ilandelayo igxininisa imiba ephambili:
| Uhlobo lwempompo | Isithuba soTshintsho lwe-oyile | Imiba ePhambili echaphazela ukuQhoba rhoqo | Izicelo eziqhelekileyo |
|---|---|---|---|
| I-Oli-Lubricated Rotary Vane | 1,000–2,000 iiyure | Ungcoliseko, ukufuma, ubushushu, inqanaba lokucoca | Umzi-mveliso jikelele, ukupakishwa, unyango |
Ukugcinwa kwesiqhelo, okufana nohlalutyo lwe-oyile kunye nokutshintshwa kwesihluzi, kuthintela imiba eqhelekileyo efana neevanes ezigugileyo, izitywini, okanye iibheringi. Iinkqubo zokubeka iliso ezihlakaniphile-ezifana neqondo lokushisa kunye neenzwa zoxinzelelo-ukunceda abaqhubi babone iingxaki kwangethuba kwaye banciphise ixesha lokuphumla.
Ukugqwesa iiMpompu ezomileyo kwiiMeko eziCelomngeni
Iimpompo ezitywinwe nge-oyile zihlala zigqwesa iimpompo ezomileyo kwiindawo ezinobunzima boshishino.
• Bafumana ivacuum ephezulu kunye nesantya sokumpompa ngokukhawuleza.
• I-lubrication ephezulu ivumela ukusebenza ngokuzolileyo kunye nokusebenza okuthembekileyo phantsi kwemithwalo yegesi ephezulu.
• Ezi mpompo zibamba umphunga wamanzi ngokufanelekileyo kwaye zifuna ukulungiswa okuncinci kunemizekelo emininzi eyomileyo.
Uphononongo oluthelekisekayo lubonisa ukuba iiMpampu zokufunxa ezitywiniweyo ze-Oyile zihambisa ugcino lwamandla malunga ne-50% kwaye zisebenza kumazinga engxolo amalunga nesiqingatha sobuchwephesha obufanayo. Oku kudityaniswa kokusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuthembeka kwenza kube lukhetho olukhethiweyo kumashishini amaninzi.
Iimpompo zeVacuum ezitywinwe ngeoyile kunye noGcino lweendleko
Ukuthelekisa uTyalo-mali lokuQala kunye neXabiso loBomi bonke
Abathengi abaninzi bagxila kwixabiso lokuqala xa bekhetha impompo yokucoca. Nangona kunjalo, ixabiso lokwenyani lempompo livela phezu kwayo yonke impilo yenkonzo. Iimpompo zokucoca ezitywinwe ngeoyile zihlala zifuna utyalo-mali lwangaphambili oluphakathi, kodwa ulwakhiwo lwazo olomeleleyo kunye nokuthembeka okungqiniweyo kuzisa ukonga ixesha elide. Xa kuvavanywa ixabiso lilonke lobunini, kukho izinto ezininzi ezenzekayo:
| Iindleko Category | Ipesenti Yegalelo |
|---|---|
| Iindleko zokuSetyenziswa kwamandla | 50% |
| Iindleko zoLondolozo | 30% |
| Iindleko zokuThenga zokuqala | 10% |
| Iindleko Eziziintlobo ngeentlobo | 10% |
Iindleko zamandla kunye nokugcinwa kwazo zenza esona sabelo sikhulu seendleko zizonke. Ngokukhetha ipompo enobomi obude benkonzo kunye nokuqhekeka okumbalwa, iinkampani zinokunciphisa ezi ndleko ziqhubekayo. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, ukongiwa kokulungiswa okuncitshisiweyo kunye nokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kodlula ixabiso lokuqala lokuthenga.
Amandla aphantsi kunye neeNdleko zoLondolozo
Iindleko zokusebenza zidlala indima enkulu kwindleko iyonke yeenkqubo zevacuum. Iimpompo zokufunxa ezitywinwe ngeoyile zisebenzisa ubunjineli obuphambili ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nokwandisa amaxesha olondolozo. Uyilo lwangoku lubonisa amatywina aphuculweyo, iinjini ezisebenzayo, kunye nolawulo oluhlakaniphile olunceda ukuthoba amatyala asetyenziswayo. Utshintsho lweoyile rhoqo kunye nokutshintshwa kohluzo lugcina inkqubo isebenza kakuhle, kodwa le misebenzi ithe ngqo kwaye iyaqikelelwa.
Ingcebiso: Ukucwangcisa ugcino lwesiqhelo luthintela ukusilela okungalindelekanga kwaye kugcina ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kuphantsi.
Ipompo egcinwe kakuhle i-oyile etywinwe ingasebenza amawaka eeyure ngaphandle kokulungiswa okukhulu. Oku kuthembeka kunciphisa imfuno yeefowuni zenkonzo yongxamiseko kwaye kunceda iinkampani zicwangcise uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali ngokuchanekileyo.
Ukunciphisa Ixesha Lokuphumla kunye Neenkcitho Zokulungisa
Ukuphumla kuphazamisa imveliso kwaye kwandisa iindleko. Iimpompo zokucoca ezitywinwe ngeoyile zijongana nalo mngeni ngeempawu ezinciphisa ukuphazamiseka kunye nokwenza lula ukulungiswa. Iinkqubo ze-centralized zisebenzisa iipompo ezitywinwe ngeoli zibonelela ngokuphindaphinda, ngoko ke ukuba iyunithi enye idinga inkonzo, abanye bagcina inkqubo isebenza. Olu cwangciso lunciphisa iindleko zomsebenzi kunye nezinto eziphathekayo xa kuthelekiswa nokugcina iimpompo ezininzi zokusetyenziswa.
• Iinkqubo ezibekwe kwindawo enye ezineempompo ezivalwe ngeoyile zinciphisa ixesha lokungasebenzi ngenxa yokungafuneki.
• Ukugcinwa komntu ngamnye kwiinkqubo zokusetyenziswa kwandisa iindleko zabasebenzi kunye nempahla.
• Iinkqubo ezibekwe kwindawo enye zonga iindleko kwaye azibadingi kakhulu abasebenzi.
Uyilo lwempompo lwangoku lujolise koonobangela abaqhelekileyo bokwehla kwexesha. Itheyibhile engezantsi ibonisa imiba eqhelekileyo kunye nendlela abavelisi abayilungisa ngayo:
| Iimbangela eziqhelekileyo zexesha lokuphumla | Amaqhinga okunciphisa |
|---|---|
| Ukungcoliswa kweoli | Ukusetyenziswa kweebhola zegesi ukulawula ukungcoliseka kweoli |
| Ukwakhiwa kodaka | Ukugcinwa rhoqo kunye nokuhlolwa |
| Inqanaba leoli elingafanelekanga (liphantsi kakhulu okanye liphezulu kakhulu) | Ukuqinisekisa ukufakela nokugcinwa ngokufanelekileyo |
| Uxinzelelo olugqithisileyo | Ukukhetha izixhobo ezifanelekileyo |
| Amaqondo obushushu aphezulu | Ukulawula ubushushu be-oyile phakathi kwe-60ºC - 70ºC |
| Ukungeniswa kwezinto ezingcolileyo zangaphandle | Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kwezinto zangaphandle kwinkqubo |
| Imigca yeoli evaliweyo okanye iivalvu | Ukugcinwa rhoqo ukucima imiqobo |
| Ivalve yokukhupha eyonakeleyo | Ukulungiswa ngokukhawuleza okanye ukutshintshwa kwezinto ezonakalisiweyo |
| Ukungcangcazela okugqithisileyo | Ukunyuswa okufanelekileyo kunye nokuhlolwa koqhagamshelo |
| Izihluzo ezikhuphayo ezindala kuneenyanga ezili-12 | Ukutshintshwa rhoqo kwezihluzo zokukhupha |
Ngokujongana nale miba ngokukhawuleza, iinkampani zigcina iinkqubo zazo zevacuum zisebenza kwaye zinqanda ukulibaziseka kwemveliso okunexabiso eliphezulu. Iimpompo ze-oyile ezivaliweyo ze-vacuum zinika ibhalansi yokusebenza, ukuthembeka, kunye nokugcinwa kweendleko ezenza zibe lukhetho oluhlakaniphile kumashishini amaninzi.
Iimpompo ze-oyile ezitywiniweyo ze-vacuum kwizicelo zoShishino
IiPumpu zokufunxa ezitywinwe nge-oyile zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kuwo onke amacandelo amashishini amaninzi. Le theyibhile ilandelayo ibonisa isabelo sabo semarike kumashishini angundoqo:
| Icandelo | Ukwabelana kwimakethi (%) |
|---|---|
| ISemiconductor kunye ne-Electronics | 35 |
| Ishishini leMichiza | 25 |
| Uphando lweLebhu | 15 |
| Ishishini lokutya | 10 |
Ishishini lokuPakisha
Abavelisi kwicandelo lokupakisha baxhomekeke kwiimpompo zokucoca ezitywinwe ngeoyile ngezizathu ezininzi:
Amanqanaba aphezulu evacuum athintela ukubola kwaye andise ubomi beshelufu ngokususa umoya kwipakethe.
Ukusebenza okuhambelanayo kuqinisekisa ukuba yonke imveliso ifumana isitywina esifanelekileyo, esixhasa ukhuseleko lokutya.
Ukwakhiwa okuhlala ixesha elide kuvumela ukusebenza okuqhubekayo kwimveliso ephezulu.
Uyilo oluwonga amandla lunceda ukunciphisa iindleko zokusebenza kunye nokwandisa ubomi besixhobo.
Usetyenziso oluqhelekileyo lubandakanya ukutywinwa kwe-vacuum, ukupakishwa kwe-atmosphere elungisiweyo, kunye ne-thermoforming. Ezi nkqubo ziphucula umgangatho wemveliso kwaye zinciphisa inkunkuma.
Izicwangciso zonyango kunye neLebhu
Izibhedlele kunye neelebhu zophando zixhomekeke kwiinkqubo ezithembekileyo ze-vacuum kwimisebenzi ebalulekileyo. Iimpompo zokucoca ezitywinwe ngeoyile zixhasa ukuvala inzala, ukulungiswa kwesampulu, kunye novavanyo olulawulwayo lokusingqongileyo. Imveliso yabo ye-vacuum ezinzileyo ikhusela izixhobo ezibucayi kwaye iqinisekisa iziphumo ezichanekileyo. Abaqhubi baxabisa ukusebenza okuthe cwaka kunye nokungcangcazela okuncinci, okunceda ukugcina indawo yokusebenza ekhuselekileyo nekhululekile.
Iinkqubo zokuSebenza ngesinyithi kunye neeNgqungquthela
Izakhiwo zesinyithi zisebenzisa iimpompo zokucoca ezitywinwe ngeoyile zokucoca, ukunyanga ubushushu, kunye ne-vacuum distillation. Ezi mpompo zinika ulawulo oluchanekileyo lokuhamba komoya kunye negesi, egcina ingqibelelo yeemveliso zetsimbi. Ngokunciphisa ungcoliseko, bandisa ubunyulu bemveliso kunye nokuphucula iziphumo zonyango lobushushu. Ukusebenza okuhambelanayo kukhokelela ekusebenzeni okuphezulu kwemveliso kunye nomgangatho ongcono kwiimpahla ezigqityiweyo.
Iimpompo zeVacuum ezitywinwe ngeoyile: Iintsomi vs
Intsomi: Iimpompo ezitywinwe nge-oyile zixabisa imali eninzi ukuzigcina
Abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba i-Oil-Sealed Vacuum Pumps ifuna ingqalelo rhoqo kunye neendleko eziphezulu zokugcina. Enyanisweni, iishedyuli zokulondolozwa zixhomekeke kwindawo yokusebenza. Iipompo ezisetyenziswa kwiindawo ezicocekileyo zifuna utshintsho lweoli kabini kuphela ngonyaka, ngelixa ezo zifakwe kwizicelo ezinzima okanye ezingcolileyo zingafuna inkonzo eqhubekayo. Le theyibhile ilandelayo ibonisa izithuba ezicetyiswayo zokutshintsha i-oyile:
| Ukusetyenziswa kwemeko | Kucetyiswa iOyile yoTshintsho rhoqo |
|---|---|
| Ukusetyenziswa ukukhanya kwiindawo ezicocekileyo | Rhoqo kwiinyanga ezi-6 |
| Izicelo ezinzima okanye ezimdaka | Iveki ukuya yonke imihla |
Ukungahoyi umgangatho we-oyile kunokubangela iingxaki ezinzulu:
• Umonakalo omkhulu wangaphakathi
• Ukonyuka kwengxabano kunye nokuguga
• Ilahleko yokutywina kunye nokuncipha kwevacuum
• Ubushushu bokusebenza obuphezulu kunye nokungaphumeleli kwempompo okunokwenzeka
Ukugcinwa kwesiqhelo kuthintela le miba kwaye kugcina iindleko ziphantsi.
Intsomi: Ukutshintsha kwe-oyile rhoqo kuyingxaki
Abaqhubi bahlala benexhala malunga nokuphazamiseka kokutshintsha kweoyile. Uninzi lweempompo zanamhlanje zibonakalisa ii-oyile ezifikelelekayo kunye nezikhombisi ezicacileyo, okwenza inkqubo ikhawuleze kwaye ilula. Ulondolozo olucwangcisiweyo lungena lula kwiindlela zemveliso. Amagcisa anokugqiba utshintsho lweoyile ngaphandle kwezixhobo ezikhethekileyo okanye ixesha elide lokuphumla.
Inyani: Iindleko ezingqiniweyo zokuSebenza kunye nokuSebenzisa ngokulula
Idatha yoShishino ibonisa ukuba iiMpampu ze-oyile ezitywiniweyo ze-Vacuum zihambisa ukusebenza okuthembekileyo kunye nokonga iindleko kumacandelo amaninzi:
• Iinkampani ezixuba amayeza zisebenzisa ezi mpompo ukugcina imeko-bume ekhuselekileyo kunye nokwandisa ubomi beshelufu yemveliso.
• Abalungisi bokutya baxhomekeke kwipakethe yevacuum ukunciphisa ukonakala nokonga imali.
• Abavelisi beemoto bayaxhamla kukukhutshwa kwe-HVAC esebenzayo kunye nokuphatheka lula.
• Izityalo zemichiza ziphucula isivuno semveliso kunye nenkqubo esebenzayo ngeendawo ezinoxinzelelo oluphantsi.
Le mizekelo ibalaselisa iingenelo ezisebenzayo kunye noyilo olusebenziseka lula lweePumpu zokufunxa ezitywinwe ngeoyile.
Ukukhetha iPump eVacuum etywiniweyo yeOyile eLungileyo
Imiba ephambili emayiqwalaselwe
Ukukhetha impompo yokufunxa echanekileyo kufuna uvavanyo olucokisekileyo lweeparamitha ezininzi zobugcisa. Le theyibhile ilandelayo ichaza izinto ezibalulekileyo kunye nefuthe labo ekusebenzeni:
| Umba | Isizathu Sokuba Kubalulekile | Umzekelo |
|---|---|---|
| Inqanaba leVacuum | Imisela amandla okufunxa impompo | Ivacuum erhabaxa (1,000 mbar) vs. isifunxa esiphezulu (0.001 mbar) |
| Umgangatho wohambo | Iimpembelelo zesantya sokufumana ivacuum | Ukuhamba okuphezulu = ukukhutshwa ngokukhawuleza |
| Ukumelana nemichiza | Ikhusela ukubola kwiigesi okanye ulwelo | Iimpompo ezigqunywe yi-PTFE yeekhemikhali ezinobundlobongela |
| Umsebenzi oqhubekayo | Iqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwe-24/7 | Iimpompo ezingenayo ioyile zokunciphisa ixesha elincinci |
Abanini-zithuthi kufuneka bangqinelane nezi nkcukacha neemfuno zabo zenkqubo ukuqinisekisa iziphumo ezizezona ziphezulu.
Ukudibanisa Iimpawu zeMpompo kwiSicelo sakho
Imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yamashishini ifuna iimpawu ezithile zempompo. Iimpompo zeVacuum ezitywinwe ngeoyile zibonelela ngoluhlu lweemodeli ezifanelekileyo kwiimfuno ezahlukeneyo:
• Iimpompo zepiston ezijikelezayo zibamba utshintsho lwevolyum eguquguqukayo, ezenza zibe zilungele ukulungiswa kokutya.
• Iimpompo zerotary vane iimpompo zilingana nosetyenziso oluncinci ukuya koluphakathi, olufana nokupakishwa kunye neenkqubo zaselebhu.
• Iimpompo ze-vane ezilungisiweyo zisebenza kwiimeko ezingabalulekanga kangako kodwa azixhaphakanga ngenxa yokungasebenzi kakuhle.
• Iimpompo zeTrochoidal zibonelela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokubamba, ukuphakamisa, kunye nokwenza iiplastiki.
Izicelo ziquka:
• Ukubamba, ukuphakamisa, kunye nezinto ezihambayo ekusebenzeni ngamaplanga kunye nokuhambisa umoya.
• Ukwenziwa kunye nokubumba iiplastiki okanye iglasi ekuveliseni.
• Ukugcina iimveliso kwipakethe yenyama kunye nokomiswa komkhenkce.
Ukugcina iindawo ezicocekileyo kwiilabhoratri kunye nezicwangciso zotyando.
Ukufumana iNgcebiso yeeNgcali
Ukubonisana neengcali zoshishino kunceda amashishini aphephe iimpazamo ezibiza kakhulu. Iingcali zicebisa:
• Ukuqinisekisa ukuhambelana kwe-oyile kunye nemathiriyeli yempompo kunye neegesi zenkqubo.
• Ukukhetha i-oyile ene-viscosity efanelekileyo kunye noxinzelelo lomphunga ophantsi kumanqanaba azinzileyo e-vacuum.
• Ukuqwalasela ukuzinza kwe-thermal kunye nokumelana ne-oxidation kubomi obude benkonzo.
• Ukuphonononga iimfuno zokulondolozwa, ulawulo lwe-oyile yenkunkuma, kunye nokufumaneka kwenxalenye ethile.
Ababoneleli abanamava bafanisa iinkqubo zempompo kwiimfuno zesicelo, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuthembeka. Iimpompo ze-Rotary screw vacuum, umzekelo, zibonelela ngokwenziwa kokutya, iiplastiki, kunye nezibhedlele, ezinamaqondo okugqibela evacuum ukusuka kuma-29.5” HgV ukuya kuma-29.9” HgV.
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-16-2025