Mainjiniya amakula pampu yamagiya pogwiritsa ntchito mawerengedwe awiri oyambira. Choyamba amazindikira kusamutsidwa kofunikira kuchokera pamayendedwe othamanga (GPM) ndi liwiro la driver (RPM). Kenako, amawerengera mphamvu yofunikira ya kavalo pogwiritsa ntchito kuthamanga kwambiri komanso kuthamanga kwambiri (PSI). Zoyambira izi ndizofunikira pamaso panukugula pompa zida.
Makulidwe a Core Sizing:
Kusamuka (in³/rev) = (Mlingo Woyenda (GPM) x 231) / Liwiro la Pampu (RPM)
Mphamvu za akavalo (HP) = (Mlingo wa Flow (GPM) x Pressure (PSI)) / 1714
Kukula Pampu Yanu Yamagetsi: Kuwerengera Mwapang'onopang'ono
Kuyika bwino pampu ya giya kumaphatikizapo ndondomeko, pang'onopang'ono. Mainjiniya amatsata kuwerengera kofunikiraku kuti agwirizane ndi mpope ndi zomwe zimafunikira pama hydraulic system. Izi zimatsimikizira kuti zida zimagwira ntchito bwino komanso modalirika.
Tsimikizirani Mtengo Woyenda Wofunika (GPM)
Gawo loyamba ndikukhazikitsa kuchuluka kwamayendedwe ofunikira, kuyeza magaloni pamphindi (GPM). Mtengo uwu ukuyimira kuchuluka kwamadzimadzi omwe mpope ayenera kupereka kuti agwiritse ntchito makina opangira makina, monga ma hydraulic cylinders kapena motors, pa liwiro lomwe akufuna.
Katswiri amasankha zofunikiraGPMposanthula zofunikira za machitidwe. Zinthu zazikuluzikulu ndi izi:
Liwiro la Actuator: Liwiro lofunidwa kuti silinda ikule kapena kubweza.
Kukula kwa Actuator: Kuchuluka kwa silinda (yoboola pakati ndi kutalika kwa sitiroko).
Liwiro lagalimoto: Kusintha kwa chandamale pamphindi imodzi (RPM) kwa hydraulic motor.
Mwachitsanzo, silinda yaikulu ya hydraulic press cylinder yomwe iyenera kuyenda mofulumira idzafuna kuthamanga kwapamwamba kusiyana ndi silinda yaing'ono yomwe ikugwira ntchito pang'onopang'ono.
Dziwani Kuthamanga kwa Pampu (RPM)
Kenako, injiniya amazindikira kuthamanga kwa dalaivala wa pampu, kuyeza mosintha mphindi imodzi (RPM). Dalaivala ndiye gwero lamphamvu lomwe limatembenuza shaft ya mpope. Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala injini yamagetsi kapena injini yoyaka mkati.
Kuthamanga kwa dalaivala ndi khalidwe lokhazikika la zipangizo.
Electric Motors ku United States nthawi zambiri amagwira ntchito pa liwiro lodziwika bwino la 1800 RPM.
Ma Engine a Gasi kapena Dizilo ali ndi liwiro losiyanasiyana, koma mpope ndi wokulirapo kutengera momwe injiniyo imagwirira ntchito bwino kwambiri kapena pafupipafupi.RPM.
IziRPMmtengo ndi wofunikira pakuwerengera kusamuka.
Werengerani Kusamutsidwa Kwapampu Kofunikira
Ndi kuthamanga kwa kuthamanga ndi kuthamanga kwa pampu komwe kumadziwika, injiniya amatha kuwerengera pampu yomwe ikufunika. Kusuntha ndiko kuchuluka kwa madzimadzi omwe pampu amayenda mozungulira kamodzi, kuyezedwa mu ma kiyubiki mainchesi pa revolution (mu³/rev). Ndilo kukula kwapampu.
Fomula Yosamuka:Kusamuka (in³/rev) = (Mlingo Woyenda (GPM) x 231) / Liwiro la Pampu (RPM)
Kuwerengera Chitsanzo: Dongosolo limafunikira 10 GPM ndipo limagwiritsa ntchito mota yamagetsi yomwe ikuyenda pa 1800 RPM.
Kusamuka = (10 GPM x 231) / 1800 RPM Kusamuka = 2310/1800 Kusamuka = 1.28 in³/rev
Katswiriyu amafufuza pampu yamagetsi yokhala ndi kusuntha pafupifupi 1.28 in³/rev.
Tsimikizirani Maximum System Pressure (PSI)
Kupanikizika, kuyezedwa mu mapaundi pa inchi imodzi (PSI), imayimira kukana kuyenda mkati mwa hydraulic system. Ndikofunika kumvetsetsa kuti pampu sipanga kupanikizika; zimapanga kuyenda. Kupsyinjika kumadza pamene kutulukako kukukumana ndi katundu kapena kuletsa.
Kuthamanga kwakukulu kwadongosolo kumatsimikiziridwa ndi zinthu ziwiri zazikulu:
Katundu: Mphamvu yofunika kusuntha chinthucho (mwachitsanzo, kukweza cholemetsa, chepetsa gawo).
Kukonzekera kwa Vavu Yothandizira pa System: Vavu iyi ndi gawo lachitetezo lomwe limatsekereza kupanikizika pamlingo wotetezeka kwambiri kuti muteteze zigawo.
Katswiriyu amasankha pampu yomwe idavoteledwa kuti ipirire kupanikizika kwakukulu kumeneku mosalekeza.
Werengetsani Zofunikira Zolowetsa Horsepower
Kuwerengera komaliza kumatsimikizira mphamvu ya akavalo (HP) zofunika kuyendetsa mpope. Kuwerengera uku kumatsimikizira kuti injini yamagetsi yosankhidwa kapena injini ili ndi mphamvu zokwanira kuthana ndi zomwe zimafuna kwambiri. Kusakwanira kwa akavalo kumapangitsa dalaivala kuimitsa kapena kutentha kwambiri.
Fomula ya Horsepower:Mphamvu za akavalo (HP) = (Mlingo wa Flow (GPM) x Pressure (PSI)) / 1714
Kuwerengera Chitsanzo: Dongosolo lomweli limafunikira 10 GPM ndipo limagwira ntchito mwamphamvu kwambiri ya 2500 PSI.
Kavalo = (10 GPM x 2500 PSI) / 1714 Kavalo = 25000/1714 Kavalo = 14.59 HP
Dongosololi limafunikira dalaivala yemwe amatha kutulutsa osachepera 14.59 HP. Katswiri angasankhe kukula kotsatira, monga mota ya 15 HP.
Sinthani Kusakwanira kwa Pampu
Njira zosinthira ndi mphamvu zamahatchi zimaganiza kuti mpope ndiyothandiza 100%. Kunena zoona, palibe mpope wangwiro. Kusakwanira kwa kutulutsa kwamkati (kuthamanga kwa volumetric) ndi kukangana (makina oyendetsa bwino) kumatanthauza kuti mphamvu zambiri zimafunikira kuposa kuwerengera.
Mainjiniya amayenera kusintha mawerengedwe amphamvu yamahatchi kuti awerengere izi. Kuchita bwino kwa mpope kumakhala pakati pa 80% ndi 90%. Kuti alipirire, amagawa mphamvu zamahatchi oyerekeza ndi momwe mpope amagwirira ntchito.
Malangizo Othandizira: Mchitidwe wosamala komanso wotetezeka ndikutenga mphamvu zonse za 85% (kapena 0.85) ngati zambiri za wopanga palibe.
HP Yeniyeni = Theoretical HP / Kuchita Bwino Kwambiri
Pogwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo cham'mbuyo:HP Yeniyeni = 14.59 HP / 0.85 HP Yeniyeni = 17.16 HP
Kusintha uku kukuwonetsa kufunikira kwenikweni kwa mphamvu. Gome lotsatirali likusonyeza kufunika kwa sitepe iyi.
| Mtundu Wowerengera | Zofunika Horsepower | Analimbikitsa Motor |
|---|---|---|
| Zongoganizira (100%) | 14.59 HP | 15 hp |
| Zenizeni (85%) | 17.16 HP | 20 hp |
Kulephera kuwerengera chifukwa chosagwira ntchito kungapangitse injiniya kusankha mota ya 15 HP, yomwe ingakhale yocheperapo pakugwiritsa ntchito. Kusankha kolondola, mutatha kusintha, ndi injini ya 20 HP.
Kukonza Zosankha Zanu ndi Komwe Mungagule Gear Pump
Kuwerengera koyambirira kumapereka kukula kwapampu mongoyerekeza. Komabe, zochitika zenizeni zapadziko lapansi zimafuna kukonzanso kwina. Akatswiri amalingalira zinthu monga zamadzimadzi komanso mphamvu zamagulu kuti awonetsetse kuti pampu yosankhidwa ikugwira ntchito bwino. Macheke omalizawa ndi ofunikira bungwe lisanaganize zogula pampu yamagetsi.
Momwe Viscosity Yamadzimadzi Imakhudzira Kukula
Kukhuthala kwamadzimadzi kumatanthauza kukana kwamadzimadzi kuti asayende, komwe nthawi zambiri kumadziwika kuti makulidwe ake. Katunduyu amakhudza kwambiri magwiridwe antchito komanso kukula kwake.
Kuwoneka Kwambiri (Kukhuthala Kwamadzi): Madzi amadzimadzi, monga mafuta ozizira a hydraulic, amawonjezera kukana kuyenda. Pampu iyenera kugwira ntchito molimbika kuti isunthe madzimadzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kufunikira kwamphamvu kwambiri pamahatchi. Katswiri angafunike kusankha mota yamphamvu kwambiri kuti apewe kuyimilira.
Low Viscosity (Thin Fluid): Madzi ochepa kwambiri amawonjezera kutuluka mkati, kapena "kutsetsereka," mkati mwa mpope. Madzi amadzimadzi ochulukirapo amadutsa m'mano agiya kuchokera ku mbali yotulutsa mphamvu kwambiri kupita ku mbali yolowera motsika. Izi zimachepetsa kutulutsa kwenikweni kwa mpope.
Zindikirani: Katswiri amayenera kuyang'ana zomwe wopanga amapanga. Tsambali liwonetsa mtundu wovomerezeka wa viscosity wa mtundu wina wa mpope. Kunyalanyaza izi kungayambitse kuvala msanga kapena kulephera kwadongosolo. Izi ndizofunikira pokonzekera kugula pampu yamagetsi.
Momwe Kutentha Kumagwirira Ntchito
Kutentha kwa ntchito kumakhudza mwachindunji kukhuthala kwamadzimadzi. Pamene hydraulic system ikuwotcha panthawi yogwira ntchito, madzimadzi amakhala ochepa kwambiri.
Katswiri akuyenera kusanthula kutentha kwa pulogalamuyo. Dongosolo lomwe likugwira ntchito m'malo ozizira lidzakhala ndi mikhalidwe yoyambira yosiyana kwambiri ndi yomwe ili mufakitole yotentha.
| Kutentha | Kukhuthala kwamadzimadzi | Pampu Performance Impact |
|---|---|---|
| Zochepa | Wamtali (Wonenepa) | Kuwonjezeka kwamphamvu yamahatchi; chiopsezo cha cavitation. |
| Wapamwamba | Zochepa (zochepa) | Kuwonjezeka kwamkati mkati; kuchepa kwa volumetric. |
Kusankhidwa kwa pampu kuyenera kukhala ndi viscosity yotsika kwambiri (kutentha kwambiri) kuti iwonetsetse kuti ikuperekabe mlingo wofunikira. Ichi ndichinthu chofunikira kwambiri kwa aliyense amene akufuna kugula pampu yamagetsi pamalo ovuta.
Accounting for Volumetric Efficiency
Njira yosinthira imawerengera zotulutsa zapampu. Kuchita bwino kwa volumetric kumawonetsa zotsatira zake zenizeni. Ndilo chiŵerengero cha kuyenda kwenikweni komwe kumaperekedwa ndi mpope kumayendedwe ake ongoyerekeza.
Kuyenda Kwenieni (GPM) = Kuyenda Kwachidziwitso (GPM) x Kuchita Bwino Kwambiri
Kuchita bwino kwa volumetric sikumakhala 100% chifukwa cha kutayikira mkati. Kuchita bwino kumeneku kumachepa pamene kupanikizika kumawonjezeka chifukwa kupanikizika kwakukulu kumapangitsa kuti madzi ambiri azitha kuyenda kudutsa magiya. Pampu yamagetsi yatsopano imakhala ndi mphamvu ya 90-95% pamagetsi ake.
Chitsanzo: Pampu imakhala ndi 10 GPM. Mphamvu yake ya volumetric pamagetsi ogwiritsira ntchito ndi 93% (0.93).
Kuyenda Kwenieni = 10 GPM x 0.93 Kuyenda Kweniyeni = 9.3 GPM
Dongosolo lidzangolandira 9.3 GPM, osati 10 GPM yonse. Katswiri amayenera kusankha pampu yokulirapo pang'ono kuti alipire kutayika kumeneku ndikukwaniritsa kuchuluka komwe akutsata. Kusintha uku ndi sitepe yosasinthika musanagule pompa yamagetsi.
Opanga ndi Ogulitsa Odziwika Kwambiri
Kusankha pampu kuchokera kwa wopanga wodalirika kumatsimikizira mtundu, kudalirika, ndi mwayi wopeza zambiri zaukadaulo. Mainjiniya amadalira mitundu iyi chifukwa chakuchita bwino kwawo komanso chithandizo chambiri. Ikafika nthawi yogula mpope wa zida, kuyambira ndi mayinawa ndi njira yomveka.
Opanga Pampu ya Zida Zotsogola:
• Parker Hannifin: Amapereka mitundu ingapo yamapampu achitsulo ndi aluminiyamu omwe amadziwika kuti ndi olimba.
• Eaton: Imapereka mapampu amagetsi apamwamba kwambiri, kuphatikiza mitundu yopangidwira mafoni ndi mafakitale.
• Bosch Rexroth: Amadziwika ndi mapampu a zida zakunja opangidwa mwaluso kwambiri omwe amapereka magwiridwe antchito apamwamba komanso moyo wautali wautumiki.
• HONYTA: Wopereka zida zosiyanasiyana zamapampu omwe amawongolera magwiridwe antchito ndi okwera mtengo.
• Permco: Imakhazikika pamapampu amagetsi othamanga kwambiri a hydraulic ndi ma mota.
Opanga awa amapereka ma sheets okulirapo okhala ndi ma curve ochitira, mawonedwe achangu, ndi zojambula zowoneka bwino.
Zofunika Zogulira
Kupanga chisankho chomaliza chogula kumaphatikizapo zambiri kuposa kungofananiza kusamuka komanso mphamvu zamahatchi. Katswiri ayenera kutsimikizira mfundo zingapo zofunika kuti zitsimikizire kuti zimagwirizana komanso kuchita bwino kwanthawi yayitali. Kufufuza mwatsatanetsatane za izi ndi sitepe yomaliza musanagule pompa ya gear.
Tsimikizirani Magwiridwe Antchito: Onetsetsani kawiri kuti mphamvu ya mpope ikupitirira kukakamiza kwadongosolo.
Yang'anani Zokonda Zathupi: Onetsetsani kuti pompopompo yoyikapo, mtundu wa shaft (mwachitsanzo, makiyi, opindika), ndi kukula kwa madoko kumagwirizana ndi kapangidwe kake.
Tsimikizirani Kugwirizana kwa Madzi: Tsimikizirani kuti zida zosindikizira za mpope (mwachitsanzo, Buna-N, Viton) zimagwirizana ndi madzimadzi amadzimadzi omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Unikaninso Ma Datasheets Opanga: Unikani ma curve a magwiridwe antchito. Ma graph awa akuwonetsa momwe kutuluka ndi magwiridwe antchito zimasinthira mwachangu komanso kuthamanga, kupereka chithunzi chenicheni cha mphamvu za mpope.
Ganizirani za Ntchito Yozungulira: Pampu yopitilira, 24/7 ntchito ingafunike kukhala yolimba kuposa yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pakanthawi kochepa.
Kuwunika mosamala mfundozi kumatsimikizira kuti gawo loyenera lasankhidwa. Khama limeneli limalepheretsa zolakwika zamtengo wapatali ndi kutsika kwadongosolo mutagula pampu ya gear.
Kuyika bwino pampu ya giya ndikofunikira pakuchita bwino kwama hydraulic system komanso moyo wautali. Katswiri amatsata ndondomeko yomveka bwino kuti akwaniritse izi.
Amawerengera kaye kusuntha kofunikira ndi mphamvu ya akavalo.
Kenako, amayenga mawerengedwewa kuti azigwira bwino ntchito, kukhuthala, komanso kutentha.
Pomaliza, amagula mpope kuchokera kwa ogulitsa odziwika ngati HONYTA kapena Parker omwe amafanana ndendende ndi zomwe zimafunikira.
Nthawi yotumiza: Oct-29-2025