Iinjineli zilinganisa impompo yegiya zisebenzisa izibalo eziphambili. Baqala banqume ukufuduswa okufunekayo kwisantya sokuhamba kwenkqubo (GPM) kunye nesantya somqhubi (RPM). Emva koko, babala i-horsepower efunekayo efunekayo usebenzisa izinga lokuhamba kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu (PSI). La manyathelo okuqala abalulekile phambi kwakhothenga impompo yegiya.
Iifomula zobungakanani obungundoqo:
Ukufuduswa (in³/rev) = (Inqanaba lokuHamba (GPM) x 231) / Isantya seMpompo (RPM)
Amandla eHashe (HP) = (Inqanaba lokuHamba (GPM) x Uxinzelelo (PSI)) / 1714
Ukulinganisa iMpompo yeGear yakho: Izibalo zenyathelo ngalinye
Ukulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo impompo yegiya kubandakanya indlela, inkqubo yenyathelo nenyathelo. Iinjineli zilandela ezi zibalo zisisiseko ukutshatisa impompo neemfuno ezithile zenkqubo yoxinzelelo lwamanzi. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba isixhobo sisebenza ngokufanelekileyo nangokuthembeka.
Misela inqanaba lokuqukuqela elifunekayo (GPM)
Inyathelo lokuqala kukuseka isantya sokuhamba okufunekayo, esilinganiswa ngeegaloni ngomzuzu (GPM). Eli xabiso limele umthamo wolwelo olufunwa yimpompo ukuze lusebenze ii-activators zenkqubo, ezifana ne-hydraulic cylinders okanye iimotor, ngesantya esicetywayo.
Injineli imisela imfunekoGPMngokuhlalutya iimfuno zokusebenza kwenkqubo. Imiba ephambili ibandakanya:
Isantya seActuator: Isantya esifunwayo sokuba isilinda sandise okanye sirhoxe.
Ubungakanani beActuator: Umthamo we-cylinder (ibhore ubukhulu kunye nobude be-stroke).
Isantya seMoto: Ujikelo ekujoliswe kulo ngomzuzu (RPM) yenjini yolwelo lolwelo lwamanzi.
Umzekelo, i-cylinder enkulu ye-hydraulic press kufuneka ihambe ngokukhawuleza iya kufuna izinga lokuhamba okuphezulu kunesilinda encinci esebenza ngokucothayo.
Chonga isantya sokuSebenza seMpompo (RPM)
Okulandelayo, injineli ichonga isantya sokusebenza somqhubi wempompo, silinganiswa ngeerevolutions ngomzuzu (RPM). Umqhubi ngumthombo wamandla ojika umphini wempompo. Oku kudla ngokuba yimoto yombane okanye injini yokutsha yangaphakathi.
Isantya somqhubi luphawu olusisigxina lwesixhobo.
IiMoto zoMbane eUnited States ziqhele ukusebenza ngesantya esibizwa ngokuba yi-1800 RPM.
Iinjini zerhasi okanye zedizili zinesantya esiguquguqukayo, kodwa impompo ilingana ngokusekwe kweyona njini isebenzayo okanye eyona isebenzayo.RPM.
OkuRPMixabiso libalulekile kubalo lokufuduswa.
Bala Ukufuduswa kweMpompo efunekayo
Ngesantya sokuhamba kunye nesantya sempompo esaziwayo, injineli inokubala ukufuduswa kwempompo efunekayo. Ukufuduswa ngumthamo wolwelo olushukunyiswa yimpompo kwi revolution enye, elinganiswa ngee-intshi ze-cubic nge revolution nganye (kwi³/rev). Yithiyori yobungakanani bempompo.
Ifomula yokufuduswa:Ukufuduswa (in³/rev) = (Inqanaba lokuHamba (GPM) x 231) / Isantya seMpompo (RPM)
Umzekelo wokubala: Isistim ifuna i-10 GPM kwaye isebenzisa injini yombane ebaleka nge-1800 RPM.
Ukufuduswa = (10 GPM x 231) / 1800 RPM Ukufuduswa = 2310 / 1800 Ukufuduswa = 1.28 in³/rev
Injineli izakukhangela impompo yegiya enokususwa okumalunga ne-1.28 in³/rev.
Qinisekisa Uxinzelelo lweNkqubo oluphezulu (PSI)
Uxinzelelo, olulinganiswa ngeepounds nge-intshi nganye yesikwere (PSI), imele ukuchasana nokuhamba ngaphakathi kwenkqubo ye-hydraulic. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba ipompo ayidali uxinzelelo; idala ukuhamba. Uxinzelelo luvela xa loo msinga udibana nomthwalo okanye uthintelo.
Olona xinzelelo lwenkqubo luphezulu lumiselwa zizinto ezimbini eziphambili:
Umthwalo: Amandla afunekayo ukuhambisa into (umzekelo, phakamisa ubunzima, ubambe inxalenye ethile).
I-System's Relief Setting Setting: Le valve yinxalenye yokhuseleko evala uxinzelelo kwinqanaba elikhuselekileyo lokukhusela amacandelo.
Injineli ikhetha impompo elinganiswe ukumelana nolu xinzelelo luphezulu lokusebenza ngokuqhubekayo.
Bala Igalelo elifunekayo lamandla ehashe
Ubalo oluphambili lokugqibela lumisela amandla eentshukumo zegalelo (HP) efunekayo ukuqhuba impompo. Olu balo luqinisekisa ukuba injini yombane ekhethiweyo okanye i-injini inamandla awoneleyo okujongana neemfuno eziphezulu zenkqubo. Ukungonelanga kwamandla eehashe kuya kubangela ukuba umqhubi azimise okanye atshise ngokugqithisileyo.
Ifomula yaMandla eHashe:Amandla eHashe (HP) = (Inqanaba lokuHamba (GPM) x Uxinzelelo (PSI)) / 1714
Umzekelo wokubala: Inkqubo efanayo ifuna i-10 GPM kwaye isebenza kuxinzelelo oluphezulu lwe-2500 PSI.
Amandla ehashe = (10 GPM x 2500 PSI) / 1714 Amandla ehashe = 25000 / 1714 Amandla ehashe = 14.59 HP
Inkqubo ifuna umqhubi okwaziyo ukuhambisa ubuncinane i-14.59 HP. Injineli inokuthi ikhethe ubungakanani obuqhelekileyo obulandelayo, njengemoto eyi-15 HP.
Lungisa ukungasebenzi kweMpompo
Iifomula zokufuduswa kunye namandla ehashe athatha ukuba impompo isebenza kakuhle nge-100%. Enyanisweni, akukho mpompo ugqibelele. Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kokuvuza kwangaphakathi (ukusebenza kakuhle kwevolumetric) kunye nokukhuhlana (ukusebenza kakuhle komatshini) kuthetha ukuba kufuneka amandla amaninzi kunokuba kubalwe.
Iinjineli kufuneka zilungelelanise ukubalwa kwamandla eenjini ukuze ziphendulele oku. Ukusebenza kwempompo kukonke kuphakathi kwe-80% kunye ne-90%. Ukuhlawula, bahlula amandla eengcaphephe zethiyori ngokusebenza okuqikelelweyo kwempompo.
Ingcebiso yePro: Inkqubo yolondolozo kunye nekhuselekileyo kukuthatha ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-85% (okanye i-0.85) ukuba idatha yomenzi ayifumaneki.
I-HP eyiyo = I-HP yethiyori / iNgcaciso ngokubanzi
Ukusebenzisa umzekelo wangaphambili:Eyona HP = 14.59 HP / 0.85 Eyona HP = 17.16 HP
Olu hlengahlengiso lubonisa imfuneko yokwenyani yamandla. Le theyibhile ilandelayo ibonisa ukubaluleka kweli nyathelo.
| Uhlobo lokubala | Amandla eHashe afunekayo | Motor ezicetyiswayo |
|---|---|---|
| Ithiyori (100%) | 14.59 HP | 15 HP |
| Eyona (85%) | 17.16 HP | 20 HP |
Ukungaphumeleli ukunika ingxelo ngokungasebenzi kuya kukhokelela ukuba injineli ikhethe i-15 HP motor, eya kuba phantsi kwamandla esicelo. Ukhetho oluchanekileyo, emva kohlengahlengiso, i-20 HP motor.
Ukucokisa ukhetho lwakho kunye nendawo yokuthenga impompo yeGear
Izibalo zokuqala zibonelela ngobungakanani bempompo yethiyori. Nangona kunjalo, iimeko zokusebenza zehlabathi zokwenyani zifuna ukucokiswa ngakumbi. Iinjineli ziqwalasela izinto ezinje ngeempawu zolwelo kunye nocikizeko lwecandelo ukuqinisekisa ukuba impompo ekhethiweyo isebenza ngokugqibeleleyo. Olu vavanyo lokugqibela lubalulekile phambi kokuba umbutho uthathe isigqibo sokuthenga impompo yegiya.
Indlela iViscosity yeFluid echaphazela ngayo ubungakanani
I-viscosity ye-fluid ichaza ukuxhathisa kolwelo ukuhamba, okuhlala kubizwa ngokuba bukhulu bayo. Le propati ichaphazela kakhulu ukusebenza kwempompo kunye nobungakanani.
I-Viscosity ephezulu (Ulwelo olungqindilili): Ulwelo olungqindilili, olufana ne-oyile yehydraulic ebandayo, yongeza ukuxhathisa ukuhamba. Impompo kufuneka isebenze nzima ukuhambisa ulwelo, okukhokelela kwimfuno ephezulu yamandla ehashe. Injineli inokufuna ukukhetha injini enamandla ngakumbi ukunqanda ukuma.
I-Viscosity ephantsi (i-Thin Fluid): Ulwelo olubhityileyo lonyusa ukuvuza kwangaphakathi, okanye "ukutyibilika," ngaphakathi kwempompo. Ulwelo oluninzi lutyibilika ngaphaya kwamazinyo egiya ukusuka kwicala loxinzelelo oluphezulu ukuya kwicala lokungena elinoxinzelelo oluphantsi. Oku kunciphisa ukuphuma kwempompo yokwenyani.
Qaphela: Injineli kufuneka ijongane neenkcukacha zomenzi. Uluhlu lwedatha luya kubonisa uluhlu olwamkelekileyo lwe-viscosity yemodeli ethile yempompo. Ukungahoyi oku kunokukhokelela ekunxibeni kwangaphambili okanye ukusilela kwenkqubo. Olu lwazi lubalulekile xa ulungiselela ukuthenga impompo yegiya.
Indlela Ubushushu bokusebenza obuyichaphazela ngayo iNtsebenzo
Ubushushu bokusebenza buchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo i-viscosity yamanzi. Njengoko inkqubo ye-hydraulic itshisa ngexesha lokusebenza, ulwelo luya luba luncinci.
Injineli kufuneka ihlalutye lonke uluhlu lobushushu lwesicelo. Inkqubo esebenza kwindawo ebandayo iya kuba neemeko zokuqalisa ezahluke kakhulu kunenye kumzi-mveliso oshushu.
| Ubushushu | Ulwelo lweViscosity | Impompo yokuSebenza kweMpompo |
|---|---|---|
| Phantsi | Phezulu (Kukhulu) | Ukunyuka kwemfuno yamandla ehashe; umngcipheko we-cavitation. |
| Phezulu | Phantsi (Mncinci) | Ukunyuka kwangaphakathi kokutyibilika; ukunciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwevolumetric. |
Ukukhethwa kwempompo kufuneka kufake i-viscosity ephantsi kakhulu (iqondo lokushisa eliphezulu) ukuqinisekisa ukuba isahambisa umlinganiselo ofunekayo wokuhamba. Le yingqwalasela ephambili kuye nabani na ojonge ukuthenga impompo yegiya kwindawo enzima.
UCwangciso-mali lwe-Volumetric Efficiency
Ifomula yokususwa ibala isiphumo sethiyori yempompo. Ukusebenza kweVolumetric kubonisa imveliso yayo yokwenyani. Ingumlinganiselo wokuhamba kwangempela okuhanjiswe yimpompo ukuya ekuhambeni kwayo kwethiyori.
Ukuhamba Okwenyani (GPM) = UkuHamba kwethiyori (GPM) x UFanelo lweVolumetric
Ukusebenza kweVolumetric akukaze kube yi-100% ngenxa yokuvuza kwangaphakathi. Oku kusebenza kakuhle kuyehla njengoko uxinzelelo lwenkqubo lukhula kuba uxinzelelo oluphezulu lunyanzela ulwelo olungakumbi ukuba lutyibilike ludlule kwiigiya. Impompo yegiya entsha eqhelekileyo inomthamo womthamo we-90-95% kuxinzelelo olulinganisiweyo.
Umzekelo: Impompo inemveliso yethiyori ye-10 GPM. Ukusebenza kwayo kwe-volumetric kwixinzelelo lokusebenza yi-93% (0.93).
Ukuhamba Okwenyani = 10 GPM x 0.93 Ukuhamba Okwenyani = 9.3 GPM
Isistim iya kufumana kuphela i-9.3 GPM, hayi i-10 GPM epheleleyo. Injineli kufuneka ikhethe impompo enkulu kancinane yokufuduswa ukuze ibuyekeze le lahleko kwaye iphumeze umyinge wokuhamba ekujoliswe kuwo. Olu hlengahlengiso linyathelo elingaxoxisiyo phambi kokuba uthenge impompo yegiya.
Abavelisi abakwizinga eliphezulu kunye nababoneleli
Ukukhetha impompo kumenzi othembekileyo kuqinisekisa umgangatho, ukuthembeka, kunye nokufikelela kwiinkcukacha zobuchwepheshe. Iinjineli zithembela ezi mpawu ngokusebenza kwazo ngamandla kunye nenkxaso ebanzi. Xa ilixesha lokuthenga impompo yegiya, ukuqala ngala magama sisicwangciso sesandi.
Abavelisi beMpompo yeGear abaKhokelayo:
• I-Parker Hannifin: Inikezela ngoluhlu olubanzi lwentsimbi kunye neepompo zegiya ze-aluminium ezaziwa ngokuqina kwazo.
• I-Eaton: Ibonelela ngeempompo zegiya ezikumgangatho ophezulu, kubandakanywa iimodeli eziyilelwe ukuba zifuna usetyenziso lweselula neloshishino.
• I-Bosch Rexroth: Eyaziwayo ngokuchaneka-ubunjineli beempompo zangaphandle ezihambisa ukusebenza okuphezulu kunye nobomi benkonzo ende.
• I-HONYTA: Umthengisi obonelela ngeempompo ezahlukeneyo zegiya ezilinganisa ukusebenza kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweendleko.
• I-Permco: Isebenza ngokukodwa kwiimpompo zegiya yoxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye neenjini.
Aba bavelisi banikezela ngedatha ebanzi eneegophe zokusebenza, ukulinganisa okusebenzayo, kunye nemizobo yobukhulu.
Iikhrayitheriya eziPhambili zokuThenga
Ukwenza isigqibo sokugqibela sokuthenga kubandakanya okungaphezulu nje kokuthelekisa ukufuduswa kunye namandla ehashe. Injineli kufuneka iqinisekise iindlela ezininzi eziphambili zokuqinisekisa ukuhambelana kunye nempumelelo yexesha elide. Ukutshekishwa ngokucokisekileyo kwezi nkcukacha linyathelo lokugqibela ngaphambi kokuba uthenge impompo yegiya.
Qinisekisa iiReyithingi zokuSebenza: Khangela kabini ukuba ubuninzi boxinzelelo oluqhubekayo lwempompo ludlula uxinzelelo olufunekayo lwenkqubo.
Qwalasela iiNgcaciso zoMzimba: Qinisekisa i-flange yempompo yokunyuka, uhlobo lweshafti (umzekelo, i-keyed, i-splined), kunye nobukhulu bezibuko buhambelana noyilo lwenkqubo.
Qinisekisa ukuNxibelelana kolwelo: Qinisekisa ukuba imathiriyeli yokutywina yempompo (umzekelo, iBuna-N, Viton) iyahambelana nolwelo lolwelo olusetyenziswayo.
Phonononga iiDatha zoMvelisi: Hlalutya iigophe zokusebenza. Ezi grafu zibonisa indlela ukuhamba kunye nokusebenza kakuhle ukutshintsha ngesantya kunye noxinzelelo, ukubonelela ngomfanekiso oyinyaniso wezakhono zempompo.
Qwalasela uMjikelo woMsebenzi: Impompo yokuqhubeka, ukusebenza kwe-24/7 kunokufuna ukuba yomelele ngakumbi kunomnye osetyenziselwa imisebenzi ephazamisayo.
Ukuphononongwa ngononophelo kwezi ngongoma kuqinisekisa ukuba icandelo elifanelekileyo likhethiwe. Oku kukhuthala kuthintela iimpazamo ezibiza kakhulu kunye nexesha lokuphumla kwenkqubo emva kokuba uthenge impompo yegiya.
Ukulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo impompo yegiya kubalulekile ekusebenzeni kwenkqubo yehydraulic kunye nobomi obude. Injineli ilandela inkqubo ecacileyo yokuphumeza oku.
Baqala ngokubala ukufuduswa okufunekayo kunye namandla ehashe.
Emva koko, baphucula ezi zibalo ukuze basebenze ngokufanelekileyo, i-viscosity kunye nobushushu.
Okokugqibela, bathenga impompo kumboneleli othembekileyo onje nge-HONYTA okanye iParker ehambelana neenkcukacha ngqo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Oct-29-2025